Meilani Irnaningsih: Affirmative & Negative Agreement, Negation, Commands

Affirmative Agreement
Untuk menghilangkan pengulangan kata pada suatu kalimat kita bisa menggunakan kata “so”atau “too”. Ada perbedaan pada susunan kalimatnya ketika menggunaan kata “so” dan “too”. Silahkan perhatikan rumus berikut:
Ketika hanya ada “to be” pada klausa utama (main clause), maka tenses yang sama dari “to be” digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause).
Contohnya:

1. I am hungry = I am hungry, and you are too.

2. You are hungry = I am hungry, and so are you.

Affirmative statement (to be) + and + Subject + to be + too
So + to be + subject

Contoh kalimat lainnya:

1. Their plane is arriving at 7 o’clock, and so is mine.

2. I am sick, and He is too.

3. Our class is clean, and so are theirs.

4. Bella is beautiful, and her sister is too.

5. My hand writing is bad, and so are you.

Ketika hanya ada kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb), contohnya: will, should, has, have, must, etc pada klausa utama (main clause), kata kerja bantu nya (auxiliary verb) juga digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause).
Contohnya:

1. He has seen her plays = He has seen her plays, and the girls have too.

2. The girls have seen her plays = He has seen her plays, and so have the girls.

Affirmative statement + and + Subject + auxiliary verb only + too
(auxiliary verb) So + auxiliary verb only + subject

Contoh :

1. They will go at noon, and she will too.

2. He has an early appointment, and so have I.

3. They have written their lyrics, and so have we.

4. Richard has lived in Cuba for five years, and they have too.

5. I should finish the report, and she should too.

Ketika hanya ada kata kerja (verb) tanpa auxiliary verb pada klausa utama (main clause), kata kerja bantu do, does, atau did digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause) dan tenses nya harus sama.
Contohnya:

1. We go to school = We go to school, and my brother does too.

2. My brother goes to school = We go to school, and so does my brother.

Affirmative statement + and + Subject + (do, does, did) + too
(single verb except ”to be”) So + (do, does, did) + subject

Contoh kalimat lainnya:

1. We want to buy a fountain, and she does too.

2. My mother likes traveling, and so do their mother.

3. My brother invites him to the party, and my sister does too.

4. They wrote a good poem, and so did he.

5. Fred cooked fried rice for his breakfast, and Tina did too.

Negative Agreement
“Either” dan “neither” memiliki fungsi yang sama seperti kata “too” dan “so” pada klausa kedua (second clause) dalam kalimat positif (affirmative sentence/ agreement). Kata “Either”dan “neither” ini digunakan untuk mengindikasikan kalimat negative (negative sentence/ agreement). Aturan yang sama juga berlaku untuk penggunaan “to be”, “auxiliary verb” (kata kerja bantu), dan “verb” (kata kerja).
Contohnya:

1. I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and Ali didn’t either.

2. I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and neither did Ali.

Negative statement + and + Subject + negative auxiliary or “to be” + either
Neither + positive auxiliary or “to be” + subject

Contoh :

1. The manager isn’t too happy with the project, and neither is his assistant.

2. We can’t study in the library, and he can’t either.

3. You didn’t pay the taxes, and they didn’t either.

4. My brother won’t accept my father’s decision, and my sister won’t either.

5. He doesn’t know the answer, and neither does she.

Negation

Negation adalah bentuk pernyataan negatif. Walaupun hal ini tidak begitu asing, namun di bawah ini akan kami jelaskan bentuk-bentuk negation, atau bentuk-bentuk bagaimana membentuk suatu pernyataan negatif.

1. Dengan Kata Kerja (VERB)

a. With a simple form:
Subject + (The negative of the auxiliary DO (or MODALS)) + simple form.

Examples:

Ø I don't know

Ø We didn't see (Not I didn't saw)

Ø He couldn't stay

b. With a past participle:
Subject + (The negative of the auxiliaries BE or HAVE) + past participle.

Examples:

Ø They haven't seen

Ø She wasn't driving

Ø You hadn't forgotten

Ø Contoh :

Kalimat positif	Kalimat negatif
Sandi likes spinach	Sandi doesn’t like spinach
Susi went to Bali	Susi did not go to Bali
Hani wrote a book	Hani did not write a book
They want to leave now	They do not want to leave now

2. Dengan Kata Benda (NOUN)
Jangan gunakan 2 kali Negation dalam 1 kalimat yang sama.

Contoh:

I do not see no evidence. (SALAH)

A. Positive sentences:
No+ noun

Examples:

Ø I see no evidence

Ø No one is concerned

B. Negative sentences:
Examples:

Ø I do not see any evidence

Ø They are not concerned

Contoh :

Kalimat positif	Kalimat negatif
Budi is rich	Budi is not rich
Susan is going to Bandung	Susan is not going to Bandung
Andi has seen Ahmad	Andi has not seen Ahmad
Joko can drive a car	Joko can not drive a car
You may leave now	You may not leave now
I will eat that burger	I will not eat that burger

Commands (Kata perintah)

Commands adalah kalimat perintah yang langsung di tujukan kepada orang kedua (you) tanpa menyebutkannya secara eksplisit dalam kalimat . kalimat perintah yang positif disebut imperative sentence sedangkan kalimat larangan disebut prohibive sentence. Untuk lebih jelasnya perhatikan contoh berikut:

· Take care of yourself.

· Study hard if you want to succeed.

· Don’t disturb me with your bullshit

· Enjoy yourself!

· Do your best!

· Please open the window!

· Don’t repeat the same question!

· Don’t despise him!

· Don’t tell a lie to me!

· Please pass me the sugar!

Commands bisa juga dinyatakan dengan subjek dan juga dengan menggunakan kata ‘let’ seperti berikut:

· Everybody shut up!