Subject
The Subject is
the agent of the sentence in the active Voice. Subject is the person or
thing that does the action of the sentence, and subject normally precedes the
verb.
Note: Every
sentence in English must have a Subject
e.g. Coffee is delicious
Milk contains calcium
The subject may
be a noun phrase. A noun phrase is a group of words ending with a noun. (it
CANNOT begin with a preposition).
e.g. The book is on the table
That new red car is John’s
In some sentences there is not a true
subject. However it and there can often act as pseudo-subjects and should be
considered as subjects.
e.g. It is
a nice day today
There was a fire in
that building last month
Verb
The Verb follows the subject, it
generally shows the action
of the sentence.
Note: Every sentence must have
a verb
e.g. John drives too
fast
They hate spinach
The verb may be a verb phrase. A verb
Phrase consists of one or more auxiliaries and one main verb. The auxiliaries
always precede the main verb.
e.g. John is going to
Miami tomorrow
(auxiliary is; main
verb going)
Jane has been reading that
book
(auxiliary has, been;
main verb reading)
Complement
A complement completes the verb. It is
similar to the subject because it is usually a noun or noun phrase, However, it
generally follows the verb when the sentence is in the active voice.
Note: Every sentence does not
require a complement.
The complement CANNOT begin with a
preposition.
e.g. He
was smoking a cigarette
John bought a
cake yesterday
Modifier
Modifier tells the time, place or
manner of the action. Very often it is a prepositional Phrase.
Prepositional Phrase is a group of
words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun.
Note: A modifier of time usually comes
last if more than one modifier is present.
e.g. of
prepositional phrases
in the morning, at
the university, on the table
A modifier can also be an adverb or an
adverbial phrase: Last night, hurriedly, next year, outdoors, yesterday
e.g. John
bought a book at the bookstore
modifier
of place
Jill was swimming in
the pool yesterday
modifier of place modifier of time
Note:
The modifier normally follows the complement,
but not always. However, the modifier, especially when it is a prepositional
phrase, usually cannot separate the verb and the complement.
e.g. She drove the
car on the street
verb complement
Exercise 1
1. She/ goes
/ to the market by car
(subject) / (verb) / (complement)
2. Sani /
opened / her book
(subject) / (verb prhase) / (complement)
3. Paul, William, and Marry/ were watching
/television /a few minutes ago
(subject) / (verb phrase) / (complement) / (modifier of time)
(subject) / (verb phrase) / (complement) / (modifier of time)
4.
George / is cooking
/ dinner / tonight
(Subject) / ( Verb Phrase) / (Complement) / (Modifier
of Time)
5.
We / eat / lunch / in this restaurant / today
(subject) / (verb phrase) / (complement) / (modifier of place) / (modifier of time)
(subject) / (verb phrase) / (complement) / (modifier of place) / (modifier of time)
6.
Paul, William, and
Marry / were watching / television / a few minutes ago
(subject) / (verb
phrase) / (complement) / (modifier of time)
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